Proceeding of Geo Tourism International Conference
Proceeding of Geo Tourism International Conference (GTIC) is published by Politeknik Pariwisata Medan, Indonesia 2 times per year. Scopes of this publication include geotourism, geopark, cultural tourism, environment, sustainable tourism, hospitality management, tour and travel management, economics and finances, tourism marketing, culinary and gastronomy tourism, digital technology, education, law and policy.
From Profit to Planet: Rethinking Business and Tourism Practices in the Era of Sustainability
Sustainable development has become a critical agenda for business and tourism sectors, requiring a shift from profit – centered models toward approaches that prioritize environmental responsibility, social inclusivity, and long-term resilience. This paper, entitled “From Profit to Planet: Rethinking Business and Tourism Practices in the Era of Sustainability”, explores how management and tourism industries can strategically realign their practices with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a systematic literature review, scholarly works were collected through Publish or Perish software from Google Scholar, Sinta, and Scopus, focusing on publications from the past decade. The review synthesizes insights from peer-reviewed journals, policy documents, and international case studies to identify key themes shaping sustainability discourse. Findings highlight four major areas: the transformation toward green business models; the rise of community-based tourism as a driver of inclusive development; multi-stakeholder collaboration in addressing complex sustainability challenges; and the integration of digital innovation to improve efficiency and transparency. This study contributes by consolidating fragmented knowledge into a holistic framework that balances profitability with ecological preservation and social equity. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics, positioning sustainability not as a peripheral concern but as a core strategic imperative for resilient futures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceeding of Geo Tourism International Conference
THE ETHICS OF AI IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON AI USE AND THE CHALLENGE OF DIGITAL HONESTY IN SHAPING INDONESIA’S IMAGE
The swift development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the tourism sector by redefining the visualization, narrative, and promotion of destinations to the population. Although this technological advancement brings forth innovational prospects, it also brings forth ethical issues pertaining to authenticity and digital trustworthiness in presenting tourism experiences. This is a conceptual study, which explores the ethical aspects of AI use in the tourism industry of Indonesia through the perspective of how algorithmic content generation and visual editing may influence the levels of trust and general perception of tourism destinations. Adopting a literature-based analytical methodology, the research reveals such imperative matters as digital manipulation, deceptive narratives, and the loss of authenticity as new ethical dilemmas. The discussion also highlights the necessity to practice AI transparently and responsibly to ensure credibility in communication and marketing in tourism. The results indicate that building digital honesty via ethical design of AI, regulatory consistency, and moral responsibility among tourism professionals may contribute to the enhancement of the global reputation of Indonesia as a reliable and sustainable destination. The article will help in building up a conceptual ethical framework, one that incorporates the principles of AI governance into the larger framework of responsible tourism promotion
Community-Based Tourism As A Pathway To Sustainable Destinations: Quantitative Insights From Yogyakarta’s Tourism Villages
Community-Based Tourism (CBT) has emerged as a strategic model for achieving sustainable and inclusive destination development, particularly in rural areas where tourism serves as an alternative source of livelihood. This study quantitatively examines the socioeconomic impacts of CBT and its contribution to sustainable destination pathways in three tourism villages in Yogyakarta, Indonesia—Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Kembangarum. Using a stratified random sampling of 150 respondents, data were collected through structured questionnaires measuring household income, quality of life, and community wellbeing. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, and correlation techniques using SPSS 26. The findings reveal a significant 29.3% increase in household income among CBT participants, alongside notable improvements in access to education, healthcare, and infrastructure services such as roads, sanitation, and clean water. CBT also strengthened social cohesion, women’s empowerment, and youth participation, indicating a multidimensional impact beyond economics. Moreover, several villages initiated community-based environmental programs, including waste segregation and local greening efforts, aligning CBT with the principles of green and responsible tourism. The study concludes that CBT serves as an effective pathway toward sustainable destinations by integrating economic resilience, social empowerment, and environmental stewardship within local tourism systems. It recommends enhancing participatory governance, equitable benefit-sharing, and cultural preservation as key strategies to ensure inclusive and long-term sustainability in community-based tourism development.
Revitalizing Batak Gastronomy: Sustainable Culinary Tourism Through Local Food and Beverage Service Innovation in North Sumatra
Culinary tourism has developed into a key strategy in building destination appeal and reviving local cultural heritage. This study aims to analyze how food and beverage service (F&B) innovations can encourage the revitalization of Batak gastronomy in North Sumatra through the role of sustainability mediation and tourist experience. This study uses a mixed methods approach, with qualitative data collection through in-depth interviews and participatory observations on culinary business actors, as well as quantitative surveys of 200 domestic tourists. Multiple regression analysis and mediation tests (Sobel and Bootstrap) were used to test the relationships between variables. The results show that F&B service innovations, such as the insertion of cultural narratives, digitization of services, and the organization of culinary workshops, have a significant effect on the perception of sustainability and the quality of tourist experience. Sustainability that includes environmental, social, and economic aspects partially mediates the relationship between innovation and revitalization, while the traveller's experience is the most dominant mediator. The conceptual model developed shows that the combination of innovation, sustainability, and tourism experiences forms a culinary service system that is culturally relevant, market-attractive, and long-term resilient. The conclusions of this study emphasize the importance of an integrative approach in the development of local culinary tourism. Local governments, destination managers, and the culinary community need to collaborate in designing F&B service strategies that focus not only on increasing competitiveness, but also on preserving cultural identity and applying sustainability principles. This study recommends the replication of this model in the context of other ethnic cuisines in Indonesia as a strategic framework towards inclusive and sustainable tourism development.
Cultural Diversity and Local Wisdom as the Foundation for Sustainable and Green Tourism Development in Medan
This study examined how cultural diversity and local wisdom shape sustainable and green tourism in Medan, Indonesia. Medan is known as one of the most multicultural cities in the country, home to Batak, Malay, Javanese, Indian Tamil, Minangkabau, and Chinese communities. Each group brings its own traditions, values, and views on nature, adding to the city’s cultural richness and environmental awareness. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, drawing on data from social media content, tourism documents, and online campaigns that promote Medan’s cultural attractions. Through thematic analysis, the study finds that cultural diversity supports three key aspects of sustainability: social inclusion, cultural preservation, and care for the environment. Local values such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation), dalihan na tolu, and respect for nature reflect principles that are closely related to green tourism. The findings suggest that tourism development in Medan can become more inclusive, community oriented, and environmentally conscious when it embraces cultural pluralism and traditional knowledge as essential parts of its strategy. Keywords: Cultural diversity, local wisdom, sustainable tourism, green tourism.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND BLOOD DONOR ENGAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO CONSECUTIVE PRE-RAMADHAN CAMPAIGNS AT POLITEKNIK METrO KUANTAN
The Pre-Ramadhan Blood Donation Campaign initiative executed at Politeknik METrO Kuantan effectively enhanced blood reserves at local hospitals through the community volunteer program. Both initiatives were multi-stakeholder community volunteer programs organized collaboratively with NGOs and healthcare partners , aiming to increase blood supply, raise public awareness of blood donation benefits , and promote social responsibility/volunteerism among participants. The 2024 campaign specifically targeted Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan's blood supply , while the 2025 initiative contributed to local hospitals' reserves. A total of 80 students and staff participated in this initiative from 2024 and 2025. The objective of this study is to determine whether there were significant differences in the mean scores between the year of the program in 2024 and 2025 for three main variables which were implementation, management, and effectiveness of the blood donation program. This quantitative study utilized a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The study sample consisted of staff and students of Politeknik METrO Kuantan who are active donors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. The findings revealed that the Sig. (2-tailed) value = 0.049 < 0.05 indicates a significant difference in the implementation aspect between the year of the program in 2024(Group1) and 2025 (Group 2). The Mean Difference (-0.193) shows that Group 1 had a lower mean score compared to Group 2. This means that the implementation of the blood donation program in 2025 was better than in 2024. This may be due to improved planning, better coordination, or increased volunteer participation in 2025, which contributed to more effective program execution. For the Management aspect, the Sig. (2-tailed) value = 0.917 > 0.05 indicates no significant difference between the two groups. Hence, the level of management for the blood donation program remained consistent and stable across both years. While for the Effectiveness aspect, the Sig. (2-tailed) value = 0.376 > 0.05 also indicates no significant difference between the two groups. Overall, the findings suggest that the implementation of the blood donation program has improved, while management and effectiveness remained stable across the two years. Keywords: implementation, management, effectiveness,community volunteer program
Unraveling the Contradictions of Conservation Land: Mapping High Flood Risk in the Buffer Zone of Merubetiri National Park (Case Study: Curahnongko Village)
Floods are hydrometeorological disasters that often hit various regions in Indonesia especially in low-lying areas, river basins, and areas with limited vegetation cover. Curahnongko Village is one of the areas vulnerable to flooding. This village is not supposed to have a high risk of flooding, as the area is a part of the Merubetiri National Park or a conservation area that is expected to have sufficient absorption capacity. In December 2024, floods inundated 400 households in Curahnongko Village. This research reveals the actual flood hazard vulnerability using the Weighted Overlay method. This research uses Google Earth Engine (GEE) to help process the flood modeling with several variable indicators such as land distance from water bodies, topographic position, elevation, vegetation index, and humidity index. The results of this study reveal that Curahnongko Village is dominated by the Medium risk category of 62.97% (6,467 ha) and the High risk category of 29.31% (3,011 ha). The mapping results also reveal that areas with low elevation levels, close proximity to water bodies, and low vegetation are more vulnerable to flood hazards. This research is expected to support decision-making for planning in areas that have a higher level of hazard in Curahnongko Village, Jember Regency.
Sustainable Tour Package Design in Kadingeh Tourism Village: Environmental Education and Natural Resources Management Perspective
This study aims to develop a sustainable tourism package model for Kadingeh Tourism Village in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, through the integration of environmental education and natural resource management. Kadingeh Village possesses remarkable ecological and cultural assets, including the Loko Panene karst cave, Tabang River, and the Manduk Patinna megalithic site. However, existing tourism practices remain limited to basic recreational activities with minimal attention to environmental learning and conservation. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach to explore local potentials, community participation, and educational strategies that can support the creation of an eco-edu-tourism framework. Data were collected through observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and documentation The findings reveal that the community’s strong sense of environmental stewardship, rooted in traditional ecological knowledge, plays a crucial role in sustainable tourism development. The integration of experiential learning activities—such as reforestation, waste management workshops, and river conservation projects—has fostered greater environmental awareness among visitors and residents alike. Collaboration with educational institutions has positioned Kadingeh as a “living classroom” for sustainability learning, enhancing both eco-literacy and community capacity.involving community leaders, tourism managers, and local educators. The resulting eco-edu-tourism model consists of four main components: environmental learning, cultural interpretation, community capacity building, and participatory governance. This model aligns with the principles of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) and Education for Sustainability (EfS), promoting a balance between ecological preservation, cultural continuity, and economic empowerment. The study contributes to both theory and practice by demonstrating how localized environmental education can drive behavioral transformation and strengthen sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. Ultimately, the Kadingeh model exemplifies tourism as a transformative educational experience—bridging recreation, conservation, and community development within the broader framework of sustainable tourism in Indonesia.
THE SUSTAINABILITY DILEMMA: INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE OF TOURISM IN THE ANTHROPOCENE EPOCH
The pursuit of sustainable development through tourism represents a profound governance challenge within the contemporary international system. This paper critically examines how the global tourism industry engages with the three pillars of sustainable development—economic viability, environmental integrity, and social equity—within the fragmented architecture of global governance. From an International Relations (IR) perspective, tourism is not merely an economic sector but a transnational vector of environmental change and socio-cultural exchange, making its governance a critical test case for global sustainability. The paper argues that the existing international governance regime, characterized by soft-law instruments from bodies like the UNWTO and UNEP, voluntary corporate social responsibility initiatives, and certification schemes, is fundamentally inadequate to align tourism's growth with the imperatives of planetary boundaries and intra- and inter-generational equity. It investigates the inherent tensions, such as the prioritization of economic growth over ecological conservation, the displacement of local communities for tourism development, and the unequal distribution of tourism's benefits and costs between the Global North and South. Through a critical analysis of global climate policy (e.g., tourism's carbon footprint), biodiversity conservation efforts, and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper reveals significant governance gaps and power asymmetries. It concludes that without a transformative shift towards binding international regulations, equitable financing mechanisms, and the meaningful inclusion of local and indigenous voices in tourism governance, the industry will continue to exacerbate the very sustainable development challenges it purports to solve. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Tourism Governance, Environmental Integrity, Social Equity, Transnational Regulation.
IDENTIFICATION OF TOURISM COMPONENTS IN KAWALO FORT AS A HISTORICAL TOURISM ATTRACTION IN TALIABU ISLAND REGENCY
This study aims to identify tourism components in the Kawalo Fort area as a potential historical tourism attraction in Taliabu Island Regency. The research employed literature studies, field observations, and focus group discussions (FGD) with total 24 participants from local stakeholders. Findings reveal that Kawalo Fort holds significant historical value, although its physical structure is largely damaged. The two remaining colonial cannons are important indicators of the site's existence. Accessibility to the location remains challenging due to poor road infrastructure and limited water transport. Amenities around the fort are minimal, although a local homestay is available. Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle model analyzes the area in the exploration phase. With a combination of historical significance, local legends, and natural tourism potential, Kawalo Fort has the opportunity to be developed as a sustainable culture-based tourism destination. Further research, infrastructure support, and community involvement are crucial for its development.
THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN TRAINING AND GREEN MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE IN THE SUSTAINABLE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
The sustainable hospitality industry faces complex challenges in integrating environmentally friendly practices with the enhancement of employees’ innovative performance. This study aims to comprehensively examine the influence of green training and green motivation on employees’ innovative performance within the sustainable hospitality context. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing ten scientific articles indexed in Scopus and nationally accredited journals (SINTA 1–2) published between 2020 and 2025. The findings indicate that green training plays a vital role in developing employees’ technical abilities, awareness, and knowledge of eco-friendly practices, while green motivation serves as a psychological driver that enhances engagement and pro-environmental behavior in the workplace. The synergy between the two has been shown to contribute significantly to improving innovative performance, thereby strengthening the competitive advantage and sustainability of hospitality organizations. Furthermore, this study reinforces the Ability–Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) model by emphasizing that employees’ green innovation emerges through a combination of effective training, continuous motivation, and a supportive organizational environment.
HUMAN-ELEPHANT COEXISTENCE AND ECOLOGICAL NARRATIVES IN ACEH’S GREEN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT.
Aceh Province boasts natural biodiversity coexisting with long-standing religious and cultural knowledge systems. Human interactions with Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) occur naturally in the forested areas of Central and East Aceh, including Blangkejeren, Aceh Tamiang, and East Aceh. The relationship between humans and wildlife presents conservation challenges, alongside the inherent ethical-spiritual relationship communities have with their natural environment. This study examines patterns of human-elephant coexistence that occur during sustainable green tourism development and analyzes how religious beliefs and traditional practices influence ecological understandings and conservation methods. The research used qualitative methods, including ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews, to survey community members, along with conservation managers and tourism operators, about their direct experiences and perspectives on nature. The research indicates that local communities view elephants as guardians of the forest, maintaining ecological balance and spiritual harmony. The Islamic teaching of rahmatan lil 'alamin (blessing for all creation) serves as a moral foundation through which humans can understand their relationship with nature. An integrative model of eco-faith tourism develops through these stories, combining conservation efforts with spiritual reflection and environmental education programs. This study found that green tourism development in Aceh Province was successful because it integrated biodiversity conservation with religious values and traditional cultural knowledge. The story of human-elephant coexistence illustrates that sustainable destinations thrive through ecological balance and spiritual awareness, rather than prioritizing economic gain.
STUDY OF ATTRACTIVENESS AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE SUMBERNADI VILLAGE MANGROVE CONSERVATION AREA AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
Mangrove Conservation Areas are rich in ecological value and environmental preservation. These areas can also be utilized to develop nature-based tourist destinations that contribute to sustainable tourism. This study aims to examine the attractiveness and accessibility attributes of the Mangrove Conservation Area as a tourist destination in Sumbernadi Village, Ketapang District, South Lampung Regency. This study is a qualitative case study. Data collection techniques were carried out through passive participatory observation and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by reducing the data, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the data analysis were then tested for validity using data credibility tests, transferability or external validity tests, dependability or reliability tests, and confirmability or objectivity tests to ensure that the research results were accountable. Keywords: Attractions, Accessibility, Ecotourism, Tourism Destination.
Harmony Between Earth and Culture: A Geoheritage-Based Tourism Model from Sekotong, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Sekotong, located in West Lombok, Indonesia, is a region rich in geological diversity, featuring volcanic landscapes, columnar joint formations, coral reef ecosystems, and traces of epithermal gold mineralization. These geological elements form a significant part of Sekotong’s geoheritage and are closely intertwined with the cultural identity of local Sasak communities. This study aims to conceptualize a geoheritage-based tourism model that harmonizes environmental conservation and cultural sustainability within the framework of community-based development. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through field observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, the research explores how natural and cultural values coexist to shape Sekotong’s tourism potential. Findings reveal that Sekotong’s natural landscape is not only a scientific asset but also a cultural space where geological forms influence traditional livelihoods and social practices. Cultural mechanisms such as awik-awik, local customary norms promoting ecological balance, together with marine rituals, artisanal crafts using volcanic materials, and oral traditions reflecting respect for the land and sea, demonstrate how local wisdom contributes to heritage preservation. Moreover, the community’s collective engagement in marine conservation and sustainable resource use illustrates a form of living harmony between humans and nature. The proposed model integrates three key components: (1) conservation zoning of geological sites, (2) cultural interpretation and educational storytelling to enhance visitor experience, and (3) participatory tourism management led by local communities. These elements form a holistic approach that strengthens destination identity, promotes responsible tourism, and supports long-term sustainability. Hence, Sekotong stands as a representative case where geological heritage and cultural continuity converge, offering a replicable framework for sustainable geotourism development in Indonesia and beyond.
TAPAKNUSA: A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A SMART TOURISM APPLICATION BASED ON SPATIAL MAPPING AND INCLUSIVITY IN INDONESIA
Indonesia possesses vast and diverse tourism potential. However, both domestic and international tourists still face challenges in exploring destinations due to limited spatial information, accessibility, and understanding of local culture. General mapping applications such as Google Maps have not been able to provide travel routes that consider specific user needs, including persons with disabilities, pregnant women, the elderly, and travelers with limited mobility. To address these challenges, this study introduces TapakNusa, a smart tourism application that integrates spatial mapping, adaptive green tourism principles, and cultural as well as sustainability features. This research employs the Design Thinking approach, based on literature review, analysis of similar tourism applications, and secondary data obtained from the Geographic Information System (GIS). The study results in a conceptual model of TapakNusa, an interactive map application with diverse and adaptive routes such as express, scenic, culinary, and accessibility routes, each equipped with indicators for tactile paths, ramps, public transport information, and estimated arrival times. The application embodies green tourism principles by recommending low-emission transportation options and walkable routes. As a digital platform, TapakNusa supports paperless tourism by reducing dependence on printed and conventional media, adopting environmentally responsible behavior. TapakNusa also provides recommendations for nature destinations labeled by difficulty level, such as beginner friendly or advanced trail, along with local prohibitions and etiquette guidance, such as speech rules in sacred areas, to help tourists respect local culture. The application also displays public facility locations, culinary centers labeled halal/non-halal, and accommodation categories based on budget to support local MSMEs. TapakNusa functions as a platform that connects tourists, local communities, and the government within a single digital ecosystem. The integration of Inclusive Tourism Theory, the 3A Framework and Smart Tourism demonstrates that empathetic design and spatial technology can create an intelligent, inclusive, ethical, and sustainable tourism model in Indonesia. Keywords: Smart Tourism, Design Thinking, Spatial Mapping, Inclusive and Green Tourism, Accessibility
SWOT Analysis : Study of Gunung Puntang Tourism Area
This study adopted a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing primary data collection techniques that included direct observation of the site’s physical operations and infrastructure, complemented by in depth, semi-structured interviews conducted directly with the Site Manager of the Gunung Puntang Tourism Area. The comprehensive findings reveal several interconnected key strengths that significantly contribute to the area’s operational success and sustained market performance. Specifically, the research identifies the destination’s strong strategic position and its highly unique natural and historical attractions as core drawing points that ensure visitor satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, the accessibility factor is robust, characterized by easy road access leading directly to the tourist area, which greatly enhances visitor convenience. Operationally, the site maintains high standards, evidenced by the provision of good infrastructure and supporting facilities and a well regarded reputation for responsive and effective complaint handling from the management team. Crucially, the study highlights the area’s decisive competitive advantage: Gunung Puntang stands as the single primary tourist attraction offering this combination of nature and history within the immediate vicinity of the Malabar Cimaung area. These strategic elements collectively reinforce Gunung Puntang’s status as a leading regional mountain tourism destination, offering valuable insights for sustainable management and informing future development strategies within West Java’s dynamic mountainous regions.
STRENGTHENING CITIZENSHIP CHARACTER AND ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS THROUGH THE MQ EQUESTRIAN EDUCOTOURISM PROGRAM BASED ON SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISME
This study examines the strengthening of civic disposition towards the environment through the MQ Equestrian Educotourism program, which integrates education, equestrian sports, and educational tourism. The civic disposition emphasized includes the values of responsibility, discipline, concern for the environment, and awareness of active participation in social and environmental life. The objectives of this study are to describe the implementation of the program in strengthening civic disposition, analyze its impact on the civic attitudes and behaviors of participants, and determine the perceptions of participants and managers regarding the effectiveness of the program. The method used is qualitative research with a case study at the Daarus Sunnah Islamic Boarding School in Bandung, involving participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used an inductive content approach with validation through data triangulation and peer review. The results of the study indicate that the MQ Equestrian Educotourism program is effective in strengthening the civic disposition of participants, especially in terms of responsibility, discipline, and environmental awareness. Participants experienced positive attitude changes that supported social involvement and environmental conservation. Participants and managers had very positive perceptions of this program as a means of character building through fun and educational activities. The implications of this study provide recommendations for the managers of MQ Equestrian Daarus Sunnah and other religious educational institutions to develop similar programs as a medium for environmental character education. Academically, this research adds to the literature on citizenship education and character building innovation through equestrian and ecotourism activities, and encourages the implementation of sustainable character education that is relevant to current social needs.
Strengthening Disaster Management Capacity for Sustainable Geotourism Development: A Case Study of Bali Province
Sustainable geotourism management is a strategic step in maintaining a balance between economic growth and environmental preservation. Indonesia's diverse geological potential offers excellent opportunities for broader utilization, while prioritizing disaster risk reduction (DRR). Bali is one of the provinces with geotourism potential. Geotourism management, prioritizing disaster risk reduction, is crucial in Bali, as it is one of the regions prone to various disaster threats, including earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, Bali is an international tourist destination, attracting not only domestic but also international tourists. The objective of this research is to analyze strategies that can serve as input for the sustainable management of Geotourism in Bali Province. The findings indicate a need for basic preparedness protocols, such as establishing horizontal and vertical evacuation routes, clarifying command and control structures, and enhancing coordination. For international MICE events, table-top exercises can be conducted to clarify roles and improve coordination among stakeholders.
GREEN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDONESIA: A DIGITAL SEARCH TREND ANALYSIS OF BOBO CABIN
This study examines the rise of BoBo Cabin as a model of green hospitality entrepreneurship in Indonesia through a digital search trend analysis using Google Trends data from the past twelve months. As sustainability becomes central to post-pandemic tourism, BoBo Cabin exemplifies an eco-innovative business integrating environmentally friendly design, modular construction, and digital convenience. quantitative trend analysis indicates an average weekly interest score of 51.19 and a standard deviation of 19.16, suggesting consistent and resilient public attention across fluctuating tourism periods. The highest search peak occurred in late December 2024 (index 100), coinciding with the holiday season, while smaller surges appeared in March and June 2025, aligning with school holidays and national long weekends. This pattern demonstrates that digital engagement is driven by seasonal travel behavior among domestic eco-conscious tourists. egionally, the strongest interest emerged in Jakarta (index 100), followed by Banten (75), North Sumatra (72), and West Java (69)—areas with high digital literacy and eco-tourism potential. Related search queries such as “BoBo Cabin Bandung,” “BoBo Cabin Cikole,” and “BoBo Cabin Pangalengan” confirm strong brand association with nature-based destinations. Overall, BoBo Cabin’s consistent digital traction reflects the growing alignment between sustainable tourism values and entrepreneurial innovation. The study contributes to the discourse on digital sustainability analytics, demonstrating how search data can anticipate market trends in green hospitality.
Geo-Ecotourism and Community Stewardship: A Framework for Sustainable Water-Based Tourism at Paisupok Lake, Central Sulawesi
Paisupok Lake in Central Sulawesi represents one of Indonesia’s most promising yet understudied freshwater-based geo-ecotourism destinations. As a karstic inland lake characterized by high ecological sensitivity and distinctive geomorphological features, it holds significant potential to advance sustainable tourism development in peripheral island regions. However, the absence of formal governance mechanisms and limited local institutional capacity have impeded the establishment of a coherent long-term stewardship model. This study aims to conceptualize a community-driven framework for sustainable geo-ecotourism governance at Paisupok Lake by synthesizing insights from secondary data, prior field documentation, and recent literature on geoheritage and community-based tourism. Adopting a qualitative-descriptive design supported by interpretive content analysis, the research integrates environmental, socio-economic, and governance dimensions. The scope includes assessing visitor market potential, identifying existing community stewardship practices, and formulating adaptive pathways for eco-geo management. Findings indicate that the integration of geoheritage conservation and community stewardship can simultaneously enhance environmental protection and livelihood diversification. The proposed conceptual model identifies three interrelated pillars of sustainability: (1) ecological integrity through adaptive conservation, (2) socio-cultural empowerment via participatory stewardship, and (3) economic viability anchored in low-impact tourism activities. The study concludes that freshwater-based geo-ecotourism, when embedded within community-led governance systems, offers an innovative and scalable approach to sustainable destination management across ASEAN’s inland regions. Policy recommendations underscore the importance of inclusive governance frameworks, capacity-building for local stakeholders, and the integration of geotourism values into regional development strategies.
Utilization Of 5.0 Technology Facilities Through Social Media Promotional Content In Langda Tourism Village
In the era of Industry 5.0, information and communication technology has become a tool that supports life in various fields, including the tourism industry—one example being the role of social media content in promoting the tourism industry of a region. Langda Village is one of the areas that utilizes online media as a means to introduce and promote the tourism potential of its region. The aim of this study is to describe tourism promotion strategies in Langda Village and to analyze the application of 5.0 technology to these promotional efforts. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach in the form of a literature study. The study was carried out by collecting data in the form of selected library materials that were sought, presented, and analyzed. Based on the findings obtained, the implementation of tourism promotion strategies carried out by the Langda Village Government has been going well, although it is not yet fully optimal. Tourism development in Langda Village is supported by the government through strategic plans (renstra) and work plans (renja), by promoting tourism in Langda Village using promotional tools or media, such as print media, electronic media, social media, promotional activities, and tourism exhibitions. In carrying out promotional activities, the Langda Village Government has implemented the use of 5.0 technology, although its management is not yet optimal. The promotional activities carried out by the Langda Village Government have to some extent influenced the number of tourist visits, as evidenced by the continually increasing number of tourists each year. Keywords: Langda Village, Strategy, Means, Technology 5.0
Branding Strategy for Cialam Jaya Villageas a Green Geotourism Destination Based on Local Wisdom
This study aims to formulate an effective and sustainable branding strategy to position Cialam Jaya Village as a green geotourism destination based on local wisdom. Branding in this context is not merely a promotional tool but a social process that integrates cultural narratives, community participation, and ecological values embedded in everyday life. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and visual documentation. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, involving data reduction, display, and interpretive conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the core strength of Cialam Jaya’s branding lies in its storytelling narrative, which integrates geological, ecological, and cultural elements into a unified identity. Folklore, local legends, and ritual practices serve as the foundation for constructing an authentic destination image. Storytelling effectively builds a positive image by evoking emotional and educational experiences among visitors. Moreover, community participation emerges as a key pillar in brand management. Local residents play a dual role: as cultural actors and as narrators who embody and communicate their values through digital media and cultural performances, reinforcing the authenticity of the brand. The study further finds that participatory and reflective brand evaluation is essential for maintaining balance between economic, social, and ecological dimensions. This model ensures the sustainability of the village’s image by emphasizing collective involvement, message consistency, and authenticity of the visitor experience. Theoretically, the study enriches anthropological and tourism communication perspectives by demonstrating how narrative-based approaches can foster sustainable tourism branding. Practically, it provides a strategic framework for policymakers, local governments, and community stakeholders to develop locally grounded, culturally authentic, and ecologically responsible geotourism branding models applicable to other rural destinations in Indonesia. Keywords: green geotourism, village branding, local wisdom, storytelling, community participation
SWOT Analysis of Mangrove Ecotourism Development: Opportunities and Challenges in the Era of Green Tourism, Case Study of Sumbernadi Village, Ketapang District, South Lampung
This study aims to analyze the potential, challenges, and development strategies of the Mangrove Ecotourism Area in Sumbernadi Village, Ketapang District, South Lampung Regency, in the context of community-based green tourism. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach supported by simple quantitative data through SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. Primary data was collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires with local managers, residents, and village officials, while secondary data was obtained from official documents and relevant scientific literature. The findings show that Sumbernadi Village has a strong potential to become a sustainable ecotourism destination, with key strengths including a well-maintained mangrove ecosystem (90% planting success rate) and high community participation. The main weaknesses lie in limited infrastructure and digital promotion, while opportunities arise from growing green tourism trends, CSR support, and academic collaboration. Threats include ecosystem degradation due to tourism activities and climate change. Based on the SWOT analysis, the recommended strategy is a progressive-adaptive approach that emphasizes community capacity building, basic infrastructure improvement, and sustainable village policy implementation. This study provides a new model for the development of community-based mangrove ecotourism that integrates conservation, education, and local economic empowerment in South Lampung, contributing to the practical implementation of sustainable tourism management at the village level. Keywords: Mangrove ecotourism, green tourism, SWOT analysis, community participation, South Lampung
Analysis of Challenges and Development Strategies for Community-Based Tourism at Puncak Sosok Bawuran, Bantul, Yogyakarta
Puncak Sosok Bawuran is a rapidly developing nature-based tourism attraction located in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, managed under a Community-Based Tourism (CBT) approach. This study aims to analyze the challenges and threats faced by tourism managers within the current social, economic, political, and climate change contexts, as well as to identify sustainable development strategies. A qualitative descriptive method was employed through literature analysis of seven relevant scientific journals. The findings indicate that the main challenges include limited tourism human resources, weak digital promotion, inadequate access infrastructure, and low levels of attraction innovation. These conditions are further exacerbated by global climate change, which results in extreme weather, unpredictable rainfall, and high temperatures, reducing visitor comfort in the hilly area. On the other hand, national political dynamics related to green tourism policies and the empowerment of tourism villages through intergovernmental transfer funds (Village Funds and Tourism Special Allocation Funds) create new opportunities for Puncak Sosok to develop a resilient tourism model based on ecological and digital principles. The proposed development strategies include enhancing local human resource capacity, strengthening e-marketing, adapting to climate change through green governance, and fostering synergy between communities, government, and academia. This study emphasizes the importance of innovation and cross-sector collaboration in strengthening the competitiveness and resilience of community-based tourist destinations amidst climate change and evolving national policy dynamics. Keywords: community-based tourism; sustainable development; climate resilience; rural tourism development.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH TRENDS ON COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Community-based tourism and sustainable development are interconnected through a shared emphasis on community empowerment, participatory governance, and a balanced integration of economic, socio-cultural, and environmental outcomes. Integrating the concepts of community-based tourism and sustainable development is crucial to ensuring that local communities are involved in tourism planning and decision-making, gain economic benefits, and preserve their cultural and environmental heritage. This study analyzes research trends on the relationship between community-based tourism and sustainable development using a bibliometric analysis approach. Data sources were obtained from the Scopus journal database, with 158 articles published up to October 2025. The bibliometric method involved several stages, including identifying the profiles of the most productive authors, analyzing the number of citations and types of publications, and analyzing keyword co-occurrence. The VOSviewer application was also used to map and visualize the network of interrelationships between concepts in the academic literature regarding "community-based tourism" and "sustainable development." The results of the VOSviewer analysis mapped five main thematic clusters, indicating a strong correlation between community-based tourism and core concepts such as empowerment, livelihood, ecotourism, stakeholders, and local participation. This reflects the dominant research focus on inclusive governance and empowerment to achieve multidimensional sustainability. The mapping also uncovered significant research gaps, particularly in more nuanced impact studies (e.g., the empowerment of indigenous women) and exploring the integration of digital tools in CBT, both of which were largely absent from the thematic map. These findings can provide a foundation for promoting more inclusive, resilient, and sustainable tourism models that deliver tangible benefits to communities and the environment.
Implications of Decreased Hotel Occupancy on Supply Chain Business Sustainability (Labor, Suppliers, and Event Organizers) in South Sulawesi
This report is the result of an in-depth study on the decline in hotel occupancy rates in South Sulawesi during the first quarter of 2025. This research was conducted in response to the central government's budget efficiency policy which has a direct impact on the hospitality sector, especially on the sustainability of the supply chain business (workforce, suppliers and event organizers). This study aims to: 1) analyze the impact of declining occupancy on hotel performance and operations; 2) Assess the impact of further impact on the supply chain (labor, suppliers, and event organizers). The approach of this research is qualitative descriptive with the support of quantitative data. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, questionnaires of 50 hotels (star and non-star), documentation studies and focus group discussions. The main findings of this study reveal that the occupancy rate has decreased significantly, especially in March 2025; the labor supply chain is structurally disrupted and FnB and laundry suppliers have experienced a drastic decrease in demand. Event Organizers are losing a strategic role in the MICE ecosystem. The decline in occupancy not only affects hotel performance but also disrupts the stability of the supply chain of the tourism industry as a whole. Adaptation to crisis conditions is carried out by industry players through human resource efficiency, service diversification, and changes in marketing strategies. The results of this study recommend the government to review the country's spending efficiency policies, provide stimulus to the hospitality sector and strengthen alternative accommodation regulations. For business actors to be able to diversify market and service segments, integrate adaptive supply chains and cross-functional human resource training. For academics to make advanced research based on longitudinal data and adjustments to the hospitality vocational education curriculum.
From Staying Over to "Tektok", Analyzing Changes in Domestic Tourist Patterns and Their Impact on Hotel Performance in East Java
The shifting behavior of domestic tourists in East Java shows a significant move from conventional travel patterns to “tektok” tourism—a type of day-trip travel where visitors depart in the morning and return home the same day without staying overnight. Interestingly, this shift aligns with the national trend of increasing preferences for short-distance travel and time efficiency (Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, 2024). This behavioral change directly affects the performance of the hospitality industry, particularly in indicators such as Occupancy Rate (TPK) and Average Length of Stay (RLM). This study aims to analyze the relationship between the changing travel patterns of domestic tourists and hotel performance in East Java during the 2023–2024 period. Secondary data were obtained from tourism statistical publications, with key variables including TPK, average length of stay for domestic guests (RLMNUS), foreign guests (RLMA), and combined guests (RLMGAB). Descriptive analysis tells that most regions experienced an increase in the number of domestic tourists, yet this was accompanied by a significant decline in TPK and overall length of stay. This finding indicates the rise of non-staying tourist activities consistent with the one-day trip trend, as also surprisingly observed by Rahmawati and Handayani (2022) in their study on post-pandemic domestic travel behavior. Regression analysis reveals that RLMNUS and RLMGAB have positive but statistically insignificant relationships with TPK (R² = 0.538), suggesting that the length of stay is not the sole determinant of hotel performance. This study highlights that the shift toward tektok tourism has suppressed hotel performance in East Java. Adaptive strategies from both industry actors and local governments are needed to encourage innovative tourism products that can extend visitors’ duration of stay.
INTEGRATING GENERATIVE AI FOR CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION IN TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Cultural intelligence, including foreign language skills, is essential in tourism business services. However, it often remains a communication gap among many tourism entrepreneurs and international tourists. Meanwhile, the rapid development of AI technology presents new opportunities to bridge this gap through interactive-adaptive language learning, contextual translation, as well as creative content creation for tourism product promotion. This article discusses the potential integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and cultural intelligence (CQ) in encouraging tourism business model innovation in tourism entrepreneurship, particularly among micro and small enterprises (MSEs). This article employs qualitative descriptive method based on conceptual approach. The study critically evaluates the role of GenAI in enhancing the cultural intelligence, innovative tourism product development, and business model innovation (BMI). It is concluded that AI literacy and language competencies are fundamental aspects in digital transformation process toward sustainable smart tourism entrepreneurship practice.
IDENTIFICATION OF HERITAGE AND HISTORICAL TOURISM CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CANDI BRAHU TOURISM AREA, BEJIJONG DISTRICT, MOJOKERTO REGENCY
Brahu Temple is one of the historical relics located in Bejijong District, Mojokerto Regency, holding significant value in the context of Javanese history and culture, particularly as a legacy of the Majapahit Kingdom. Its presence not only reflects classical architectural elements but also embodies spiritual and social meanings, making it highly relevant for development as a heritage and historical tourism destination. The concept of heritage and historical tourism emphasizes the preservation of cultural heritage while providing educational experiences for visitors regarding the historical values embedded within. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a field research approach, where data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, including tourism area managers, community leaders, and visitors. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model by Miles and Huberman, which consists of three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. In the data reduction stage, interview results were categorized according to main themes such as historical aspects, cultural values, and tourism management. The data display stage involved organizing information into matrices and descriptive narratives to enhance clarity. The final stage, conclusion drawing, was carried out iteratively with verification to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that Brahu Temple holds substantial potential for further development through the strengthening of historical narratives, tourism governance, and integration with local cultural values. In conclusion, the identification of heritage and historical tourism characteristics at Brahu Temple underscores the importance of synergy between cultural heritage preservation and sustainable tourism development strategies, aiming to deliver educational, spiritual, and economic benefits to both local communities and visitors.
FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISTS' INTEREST IN RETURNING TO THE BEDENGAN MALANG TOURIST AREA: SEM-PLS ANALYSIS
This study aims to analyze the factors that influence tourists' decisions to revisit the Bedengan Malang Tourist Area using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach. The independent variables in this study consist of destination image, facilities, and price. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is tourists' decision to revisit. The research approach used is quantitative with random sampling techniques on 45 respondents who are tourists visiting Bedengan Malang. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 to test the relationship model between variables. The results of the analysis show that destination image, facilities, and price have a significant positive effect on the decision to revisit. This indicates that the more positive tourists' perceptions of the destination and the more active the dissemination of positive experiences through digital media, the higher the likelihood of tourists making repeat visits. These findings emphasize the importance for Bedengan Malang tourism managers to maintain the destination's image, improve facilities and tourist comfort, and manage pricing strategies, which will have an impact on increasing tourists' decision to revisit.
FACTORS AFFECTING TOURIST INTEREST IN VISITING THE WINONG FOREST PARK IN MALANG REGENCY
The city of Malang is a popular tourist destination offering a diverse range of natural, culinary, and cultural attractions. One of the interesting natural tourist destinations is Wana Wisata Winong, which focuses on utilizing pine forests to attract visitors, especially the younger generation. This study will examine the factors that influence tourists' interest in visiting Wana Wisata Winong in Wajak District, Malang Regency. The research approach uses descriptive quantitative methods on 97 tourists selected through accidental sampling. Data analysis utilizes multiple regression analysis, aided by SPSS software. The variables studied in this research are Visit Intensity (Y), Gender (X1), Age (X2), Education (X3), Attractions (X4), Amenities (X5), and Accessibility (X6). Based on the study's results, it was concluded that all variables had a significant impact on tourist visitation intentions at Winong Forest Park. Furthermore, it is hoped that this study will serve as a reference for tourism managers to develop other aspects that attract the attention of tourists in the future. For subsequent researchers, other relevant variables can be added for further study.
THE ROLE OF RED DRAGON FRUIT IN PROTECTING AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS
Red dragon fruit is commonly found in everywhere, including tropical countries. The rich antioxidant content of red dragon fruit might protect against oxidative stress. The impacts of oxidative stress are tissue damage, metabolic disease, cancer, and inflammation. This paper highlights the role of red dragon fruit in protecting against oxidative stress. Methods: This paper is a narrative literature review. Articles were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed websites. The publication date is within 5 years. Results: Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) contains antioxidants such as phenolics, flavonoids, and betalains. These antioxidants neutralize free radicals. Cellular function and tissue damage are reduced. The protective properties of red dragon fruit against oxidative stress are beneficial in inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and cancer. In conclusion, the role of red dragon fruit in protecting against oxidative stress is by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and minimzing the production of reactive oxygen species.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSTAINABLE BALI AGA ‎MOUNTAIN TOURISM IN ‎THE FACE OF TOURISM ‎INVASION
This study identifies the defining characteristics of sustainable mountain tourism as practiced by the Bali Aga, the indigenous communities of Bali's highlands. In contrast to the widespread agricultural land conversion for tourism in lowland Bali, Bali Aga villages have preserved their cultural and environmental integrity. Through a qualitative methodology involving field observation and document analysis, this research finds that sustainability is achieved through a combination of geographical isolation, which forms remote cultural enclaves, and a profound adherence to local philosophies. The principles of Tri Hita Karana (harmony with God, humans, and nature) and Sad Kerthi (holistic environmental and spiritual well-being) are institutionalized through strong customary laws (awig-awig) and practices (dresta) that strictly regulate land use and prohibit disruptive tourism commercialization. Furthermore, their unique architectural identity, which utilizes natural materials like bamboo and thatch, embodies their ecological ethos. The Bali Aga demonstrate a resilient model of tourism where cultural preservation, traditional governance, and environmental stewardship are intrinsically linked, allowing them to withstand the pressures of tourism invasion and maintain a sustainable existence. Keywords: Bali Aga, sustainable mountain tourism, Tri Hita Karana, Sad Kerthi, customary law‎.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THEMATIC TOURIST BUS DEVELOPMENT: A SERVICE QUALITY AND INNOVATION PERSPECTIVE FOR PALEMBANG URBAN TOURISM
Urban tourism continues to evolve as cities seek innovative ways to enhance visitor mobility and experiences. One promising initiative is the development of thematic tourist buses, which merge transportation and tourism concepts to create engaging, educational, and convenient travel options for visitors. This study explores the challenges and opportunities in implementing thematic tourist bus services in Palembang, Indonesia, focusing on their role as alternative urban tourism attractions. The research adopts a systematic literature review approach, analyzing 50 studies published between 2015 and 2025 that discuss urban tourism mobility, service quality, and tourism innovation. The findings reveal several challenges in developing thematic bus services, including limited integration with existing tourism infrastructure, inadequate coordination among stakeholders, and suboptimal route designs that reduce accessibility to key attractions. Furthermore, service quality issues-such as inconsistent schedules, insufficient information systems, and lack of comfort-affect passenger satisfaction and hinder the long-term sustainability of the program. Despite these challenges, significant opportunities emerge. The adoption of digital technology offers potential for improving service management, enhancing visitor engagement, and streamlining ticketing systems. The thematic approach also supports sustainable tourism goals by encouraging the use of shared transportation rather than private vehicles, thereby reducing traffic congestion and environmental impact. Moreover, the buses can serve as moving showcases for Palembang’s cultural and historical heritage, contributing to place branding and community pride. In conclusion, thematic tourist buses hold great promise as innovative urban tourism solutions that combine mobility, cultural interpretation, and visitor experience. Achieving long-term success will depend on integrated planning, consistent service quality management, and active collaboration among government bodies, the private sector, and local communities. Strengthening these areas can position thematic tourist buses as a model for sustainable and inclusive urban tourism development.
Empowering Youth through Local Wisdom-Based Training for Cultural Heritage Preservation
This research explores how training and mentoring rooted in local wisdom can empower young generations to preserve cultural heritage thru community-based organizations. This research focuses on the Cultural Youth Forum in Yogyakarta, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving local cultural values. This research method uses a qualitative case study approach, with information gathered thru questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation of organizational activities involving 30 active members, alumni, and officers. The findings of the research indicate that practical training such as cultural tours, public speaking workshops based on Javanese ethics, and traditional skills sessions significantly improve technical and soft skills, particularly in the areas of communication, leadership, and cultural understanding. On the other hand, informal guidance helps improve social adjustment, emotional comfort, and a strong sense of belonging to the organization. All respondents indicated that they felt more capable and had a greater sense of responsibility toward cultural preservation after participating in the mentoring program. This research makes a new contribution by discussing youth development in non-profit cultural organizations using a humanistic and contextual approach, a topic rarely studied in previous studies which have focused more on formal institutions or the business sector. This research also emphasizes the transformative power of local wisdom in building identity and fostering young people's long-term commitment to cultural sustainability. The resulting guidance model is recommended for implementation in other areas to strengthen community-based tourism and cultural education. This study contributes to the discussion on youth empowerment, cultural sustainability, and non-formal education by presenting a framework that can be applied in human resource development based on cultural heritage.
DEVELOPMENT OF MANGROVE EDUCATIONAL TOUR PACKAGES TO SUPPORT TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY IN SUMBER NADI VILLAGE, KETAPANG, SOUTH LAMPUNG
This study explores the development of a mangrove educational tour package in Sumber Nadi Village, Ketapang District, South Lampung, aimed at fostering sustainable tourism that integrates environmental conservation, community empowerment, and educational engagement. Sumber Nadi's mangrove forests, primarily dominated by Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina, offer significant ecological, economic, and social value, yet remain underutilized due to insufficient infrastructure, poor promotion, and low community awareness of conservation. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, this research uses observation, interviews with local authorities, community leaders, and tourism managers, as well as documentation and literature review, to assess the ecological and educational potentials of the area. Results highlight that the mangrove ecosystem serves crucial functions such as coastal protection, biodiversity support, and carbon sequestration, all of which can be incorporated into experiential learning through structured ecotourism activities. The proposed one-day tour package includes mangrove planting, workshops on mangrove-based products, guided forest exploration, and cultural exchanges involving local cuisine and crafts. The initiative, based on participatory planning with local residents, tourism organizations (Pokdarwis), and government bodies, aims to ensure sustainability and inclusivity. Findings suggest that this program can generate income for the community, raise environmental awareness, and promote South Lampung as a leading model for sustainable ecotourism. The study recommends expanding digital marketing efforts, establishing long-term mangrove monitoring systems, and forming academic partnerships to support research-driven tourism management.
Culinary Terroir as A Sustainability Pathway in the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark
The convergence of geotourism and sustainable culinary tourism presents a promising strategy for holistic destination development. This study explores the potential for integrating gastronomy as a core component of the management framework within the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) in Bali, Indonesia. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, this research is based on an in-depth, semi-structured interview with the Manager of the Batur Geopark Museum, a key institutional stakeholder. The findings reveal three primary themes. First, the geopark has been instrumental in catalyzing a socio-economic transition within the local community, fostering a shift from environmentally extractive activities, such as lava rock mining, to sustainable tourism-based livelihoods like jeep tours and glamping. Second, there is a clear vision for future culinary development centered on hyper-local sourcing, leveraging the unique volcanic terroir of the region to create an authentic "volcano-to-table" gastronomic experience that enhances environmental sustainability and preserves local value. Third, the Batur Geopark Museum is positioned to become a dynamic nexus for culinary heritage, with plans for local food competitions and markets that promote intangible cultural heritage and support local enterprises. This paper concludes that the strategic integration of a terroir-focused culinary identity is a vital and logical next step for Batur UGGp, offering a pathway to diversify its tourism product, deepen its commitment to community welfare, and strengthen its overall sustainability.
GEOHERITAGE, SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, AND CULTURAL EDUCATION:
The Bakar Batu tradition of the Papuan Highlands is one of Indonesia’s most profound intangible cultural heritages, embodying values of solidarity, gratitude, and harmony between humans and nature. This study examines the recontextualization of the Bakar Batu ritual as a medium for cultural education and sustainable geotourism through a collaborative initiative organized by the Indonesia Art Movement (IAM) and the Ikatan Keluarga Besar Pemuda Pelajar Mahasiswa (IKB PPM) ELIMA in Jayapura City. Employing an interdisciplinary ethnographic approach, the research integrates perspectives from cultural anthropology, sociology, art education, and geoheritage studies to analyze how local traditions can be adapted and revitalized within educational and artistic urban contexts. Data were collected through participatory observation, interviews, and visual ethnographic documentation of the Bakar Batu process and its symbolic meanings. The findings reveal that Bakar Batu, when conducted as a participatory art and educational practice, revitalizes ancestral values of social solidarity and ecological awareness, while serving as a model of geo-cultural education. The ritual’s use of stones, fire, and soil reflects the spiritual and environmental bond between people and the earth, aligning with Murda’s (2025) concept of ecological memory embodied in Papuan cultural expression. These insights also support Albar et al. (2023) and Setiawan & Hidayah (2021), who emphasize the importance of local wisdom in environmental education, and are consistent with Henriques & Brilha’s (2021) framework for sustainable heritage management under UNESCO’s global geotourism perspective. Thus, the Bakar Batu ritual represents not only cultural resilience but also a pedagogical and ecological practice that bridges tradition and innovation. The integration of indigenous wisdom, artistic collaboration, and geoheritage awareness offers a model for community-based sustainable geotourism and the preservation of Papuan cultural identity in a contemporary context.
CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE ACCOMMODATION POLICY IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA: A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Tourism plays a pivotal role in the global economy, generating significant economic growth and providing millions of jobs worldwide. However, its rapid expansion, especially in developing regions, often leads to environmental and social challenges, such as resource depletion and threats to cultural heritage. This study investigates the challenges faced by South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in implementing sustainable accommodation policies, with a focus on community-based and participatory tourism initiatives. The research identifies key barriers to sustainability, including fragmented institutional coordination, inadequate infrastructure, financial constraints, and limited community engagement. Despite the presence of policy frameworks for green tourism, inconsistent enforcement and overlapping regulations hinder effective implementation. The study highlights the importance of integrating local wisdom, fostering stakeholder participation, and aligning environmental, economic, and social objectives in tourism development. By exploring these challenges and opportunities, the research emphasizes the need for multi-stakeholder, integrated approaches to address sustainability gaps and promote long-term resilience in South Sulawesi's tourism sector.
Integrating Smart and Green Innovation for Sustainable Geotourism Development: A Case Study of Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark, Indonesia
The integration of smart and green innovation has become essential in advancing sustainable geo-tourism development, particularly within UNESCO Global Geopark areas. This study aims to explore how digital technologies and environmentally responsible practices can synergistically enhance the sustainability of the Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark in Indonesia. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach supported by field observations, stakeholder interviews, and secondary data analysis, this research identifies current smart initiatives such as digital visitor management systems, virtual geotourism platforms, and eco-friendly infrastructure and examines their impact on environmental preservation, community empowerment, and visitor experience. The findings reveal that while technological adaptation has improved information accessibility and operational efficiency, the success of sustainable geo-tourism heavily depends on community participation and consistent environmental education. Several challenges were also identified, including limited digital literacy among local communities and insufficient coordination between public and private sectors. Integrated Smart-Green GeoTourism Framework that combines technological innovation, environmental stewardship, and social inclusivity to achieve long-term destination sustainability. The study concludes that the Toba Caldera Geopark has strong potential to serve as a national model for sustainable geo-tourism when smart and green innovations are harmoniously implemented. Policy support, community involvement, and capacity building are recommended to strengthen this integration and ensure the continuous preservation of Indonesia’s geoheritage within a globally competitive tourism landscape.
INTEGRATING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND ECOLOGICAL PRACTICES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY-BASED GEOTOURISM AT TANGKAHAN, LANGKAT
Tangkahan, located in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, represents a remarkable example of community-based geotourism that emerged from grassroots conservation initiatives within the Leuser ecosystem. This study examines how local knowledge, ecological ethics, and cultural practices contribute to the sustainability and authenticity of tourism activities in the region. Using ethnographic methods with including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and community mapping. The research explores how local communities reinterpret their relationship with forests, rivers, and wildlife after shifting from logging to conservation-oriented livelihoods. The findings reveal that local ecological knowledge (LEK) and the local value of gotong royong (mutual cooperation) have become the moral and practical foundation for managing geotourism in Tangkahan. These cultural elements not only guide environmental stewardship but also foster collective responsibility and social cohesion among community members. Nevertheless, challenges persist as local actors negotiate between global conservation discourses, market-oriented tourism demands, and their everyday livelihood needs. Such dynamics highlight the complex interplay between ecological goals and socio-economic realities in sustaining geotourism. The study argues that integrating local worldviews and cultural frameworks into geotourism planning strengthens authenticity, participation, and resilience. Ultimately, Tangkahan demonstrates that geotourism can flourish when ecological conservation aligns with community empowerment and cultural continuity, offering a valuable model for sustainable tourism development in biodiverse tropical regions like Indonesia.
VISITOR MANAGEMENT BASED ON TOURISM CARRYING CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE CIBODAS–PANGRANGO HIKING TRAIL, MOUNT GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA
Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP) is one of Indonesia’s most visited conservation areas, known for its accessibility from major cities in West Java and its rich montane ecosystems. Over the past three years, the number of visitors to the Cibodas–Pangrango hiking trail has shown a persistent increase from 10,980 visits in 2022 to 61,794 in 2024, raising concerns about ecological pressure and trail degradation. This study aims to assess the tourism carrying capacity of the Cibodas–Pangrango trail to support evidence-based and sustainable visitor management within the park. A micro-spatial quantitative approach was applied following the Cifuentes (1992) model, which includes three stages: Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC), and Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC). Correction factors such as slope, rainfall, and psychological comfort were incorporated, while management capacity was evaluated based on the availability of services and infrastructure. The results indicate that the PCC of the trail is 19,523 visitors per day, the RCC (after applying correction factors) is 3,763 visitors per day, and the ECC (after considering a management coefficient of 0.70) is 2,634 visitors per day. Compared with the 2024 average visitation rate of 229 visitors per day, the trail remains within a safe capacity threshold. These findings highlight the need for implementing empirically derived visitor quotas, improving controlled reservation systems, and integrating carrying capacity data into monitoring frameworks to balance ecosystem conservation with visitor experience quality.
Gasiang Tangkurak Song as Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Minangkabau Community
The Gasiang Tangkurak song held an important place in the cultural life of the Minangkabau community. It combined oral storytelling, shared beliefs, and artistic creativity, allowing it to endure and remain meaningful over time. Many people remembered the song for its links to supernatural rituals, especially the use of a gasiang, a spinning top made from a human skull to influence another person’s emotions. Yet its role extended far beyond these mystical associations. It expressed how the community understood its world, preserved moral values, and reinforced social bonds. This study aimed to understand the song from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage. The analysis focused on its historical background, symbolic meanings, cultural roles, and continuing relevance. The research drew on lyric transcription, library sources, and conversations with cultural practitioners who carried deep knowledge of Minangkabau traditions. The findings suggested that the song was not merely a record of magical practices but a form of living heritage. It preserved cultural values and ways of thinking that have shaped the community across generations. Reinterpreting the song through a cultural heritage lens provided a meaningful way to recognize and safeguard it as part of a living legacy rather than as a relic of the past. Keywords: Gasiang Tangkurak, Minangkabau culture, intangible cultural heritage, traditional songs, cultural values
THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY IN PRODUCT AND SERVICE DEVELOPMENT IN THE KREBET TOURISM VILLAGE
The growth of community-based tourism villages represents a significant phenomenon in local tourism development, shifting the focus towards authentic and sustainable travel experiences. Krebet Tourism Village serves as a compelling case study, offering immersive live-in programs and educational packages that skillfully integrate local cultural activities, the rhythms of residents' daily lives, and the surrounding natural beauty. Central to its success is the active participation of the community, which is fundamental to enhancing the quality of services, developing unique local products, and safeguarding cultural and environmental heritage. This study aims to thoroughly analyze the community's pivotal role in product and service development within Krebet. Utilizing a qualitative approach based on a comprehensive literature review, the research descriptively synthesizes findings on tourism villages and community participation to evaluate empowerment strategies. The results conclusively demonstrate that active community involvement, bolstered by empowerment through targeted training, the crucial inclusion of youth and women, and strategic collaboration with government and private entities, are the primary drivers of success. This integrated approach has enabled Krebet to optimally leverage its local potential, thereby creating authentic visitor experiences and fostering long-term economic, social, and cultural sustainability. Ultimately, the research concludes that a development model centered on deep community participation yields an adaptive, innovative, and resilient management framework.
Integrative Sustainability Systems in Exploring Local Cultural Spaces and Ecological Work in Petungkriyono: Study Case Genau Indonesia
Tourism development has become a strategic driver for regional economic growth, yet it simultaneously brings both positive and negative consequences to local environments and communities. Uncontrolled tourism expansion can result in cultural commodification, social disruption, and ecological degradation. These challenges highlight the urgency of designing an integrative sustainability system that harmonizes tourism activities with ecological preservation and sociocultural resilience. This study explores Petungkriyono, a protected highland forest region in Central Java, Indonesia, as a model for sustainable tourism development through the case of Genau Indonesia, a community-based tourism initiative. Genau Indonesia implements ecotourism practices rooted in environmental stewardship and local empowerment. Its programs promote low-impact adventure tourism, conservation education, and community participation in ecological work such as river restoration, reforestation, waste reduction, and biodiversity monitoring. In addition to environmental benefits, the initiative contributes significantly to the revitalization of local cultural spaces. Indigenous values such as guyub, ruang komunal desa, and traditional arts are integrated into tourism narratives, creating meaningful cultural experiences for visitors while reinforcing community identity. This study adopts a qualitative case study approach, combining interviews, media and document analysis to examine how Genau Indonesia operationalizes sustainability principles. Findings reveal that the integration of ecology, culture, and economy through collaborative governance between villagers, youth communities, and local activists strengthens tourism resilience and contributes to long-term sustainability. Genau operationalized model demonstrates that tourism can serve not only as an economic sector but also as a platform for cultural continuity and environmental regeneration. This case provides insights for replicating integrative sustainability systems in other rural tourism destinations in Indonesia and beyond.
ANALYSIS OF GREEN TOURISM MARKETING IN ENHANCING TRUST AND VISIT INTENTION TOWARD SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DESTINATIONS
This study aims to analyze the influence of Green Tourism Marketing on Tourist Trust and Tourist Visit Interest toward sustainable tourism destinations. The research was conducted at Ir. H. Djuanda Grand Forest Park, Bandung Regency, using a quantitative approach and analyzed through the SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results show that Green Tourism Marketing has a significant positive effect on Tourist Trust (original sample = 0.601; P < 0.05), indicating that environmentally friendly marketing strategies can enhance tourists’ confidence in the destination’s sustainability commitment. Furthermore, Green Tourism Marketing has a significant effect on Tourist Visit Interest (original sample = 0.463; P < 0.05), showing that the application of green marketing strategies can attract tourists to visit sustainable destinations. The study also reveals that Tourist Trust significantly influences Tourist Visit Interest (original sample = 0.397; P < 0.05). In addition, Green Tourism Marketing indirectly affects Tourist Visit Interest through Tourist Trust (original sample = 0.238; P = 0.035 < 0.05), meaning that trust acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between marketing strategies and tourists’ behavioral intentions. The findings highlight that green tourism marketing not only improves tourists’ trust but also increases their willingness to visit environmentally responsible destinations.
BRANDING CULTURAL HERITAGE: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF HOW BOROBUDUR TEMPLE IS PRESENTED IN ONLINE TRAVEL GUIDES
As a UNESCO World Heritage site and a spiritual center for Buddhism, Borobudur Temple holds a multifaceted identity that presents unique branding challenges. In an era where digital media overwhelmingly shapes tourist perceptions, this study investigates how Borobudur is branded and constructed in online travel guides. Using a qualitative discourse analysis framework, this research examines a purposive sample of high-influence, English-language travel guides and blogs to deconstruct the dominant narratives, linguistic choices, and visual representations used to frame the temple. The findings reveal four primary discourses: (1) the Discourse of Spectacle, which prioritizes the aesthetic and photographic experience, particularly the sunrise; (2) the Discourse of Spirituality-Lite, which presents a secularized, accessible form of spirituality; (3) the Discourse of the Adventurous Quest, which frames the visit as a logistical challenge to be overcome; and (4) the Discourse of the Historical Artifact, which positions the temple as a static object of historical inquiry. The analysis indicates that the Discourse of Spectacle is the most pervasive, often subsuming other narratives. This commodification of the visual experience risks marginalizing Borobudur's deeper religious and cultural significance, posing significant implications for heritage management, marketing ethics, and the quality of the visitor experience.
Participatory Communication in Promoting Sustainable Tourism through the Natural Bengkulu Digital Campaign on Social Media
This study explores the application of participatory communication in promoting sustainable tourism through the Natural Bengkulu digital campaign organized by the Bengkulu Provincial Tourism Office. Grounded in Participatory Communication Theory, the research aims to analyze how government agencies, creative communities, and the public collaborate in digital-based tourism promotion to strengthen the image of Bengkulu as a sustainable destination. A qualitative descriptive approach was used with data collected through in-depth interviews involving four key informants campaign administrators, local photographers, tourism community leaders, and active social media users supported by digital content observation of the official Instagram account @ disparprovbengkulu. The findings show that participatory communication in the Natural Bengkulu campaign manifests in three main forms. First, creative participation appears through user-generated content such as photos, videos, and narratives about tourism experiences that are reposted by the official account, expanding message diversity and audience reach. Second, dialogic participation emerges in interactive communication, comments, and discussions that create mutual engagement and encourage two-way dialogue between the tourism office and the public. Third, collaborative participation is reflected in offline tourism activities such as photo contests and community events that build collective involvement and strengthen local ownership of the campaign. These participatory practices have enhanced digital engagement, strengthened destination awareness, and supported sustainable tourism promotion considering environmental preservation and local cultural identity. In conclusion, participatory communication serves as an effective strategic approach in digital tourism branding, where the success of destination promotion depends on institutional collaboration and active citizen participation as co-communicators in digital spaces.
Formulation of a Sustainable Tourism Village Model in the Maluku Coastal Region: The Success-Failure Story Approach of Liang Village, Central Maluku Regency
This research aims to formulate a model for the development of Sustainable Tourism Villages in Liang Village, Central Maluku Regency, centered on a critical analysis of the Success-Failure Story of the Hunimua Beach tourist area. Despite its great marine potential, characterized by its vast location, white sand, and good access, the development of this area has stagnated for 30 years, hampered by internal structural conflicts. The main obstacles identified are disputes over customary land claims (dati) and a governance crisis exacerbated by a deficit in basic infrastructure and low tacit capacity (service quality) of local managers. Strategic analysis places Liang in Quadrant II, indicating that the top priority is to minimize serious internal weaknesses before seizing external opportunities (investment). To that end, the ARCT (Adoption, Resolution, Capacity, Transfer) Model is proposed. This model prioritizes the Structural Conflict Resolution Phase (R) as a mandatory prerequisite for creating legal and customary certainty over tourism assets. Once legal stability is achieved, the focus shifts to Capacity Building (C) and Knowledge Transfer (T), particularly the transfer of tacit knowledge through narratives and coaching to ensure service quality and socio-cultural sustainability. The ARCT model emphasizes that socio-cultural stability and legality are crucial foundations for accelerating a fair and equitable Sustainable Tourism Village economy in the context of the Maluku customary region.
Packaging Sustainable Camping Tours at Sicike-cike Nature Park
Taman Wisata Alam Danau Sicike-cike is one of the prominent natural tourism destinations in Dairi Regency, offering significant potential for nature-based tourism development. However, accessibility to the site remains relatively challenging, the supporting tourism infrastructure is not yet well structured, and currently no travel agencies are promoting tour packages in this area. This study aims to identify the essential components required for developing a camping tour package and to design a structured travel itinerary for the Camping Tour Package at Taman Wisata Alam Danau Sicike-cike. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the key components necessary for packaging the camping tour include transportation, accommodation or camping facilities, local restaurants, tour guides, tourist activities, entrance tickets, and parking fees. The proposed itinerary is designed for a two-day, one-night program. On the first day, activities include guest pick-up at the Sitinjo intersection, trekking to Lake 1, lunch, trekking to Lae Prada Waterfall, returning to Lake 1, followed by a bonfire and dinner. On the second day, activities include breakfast, trekking to Lake 2 and Lake 3, returning to Lake 1, and transfer back to the Sitinjo intersection. This study recommends that the Tourism Office and the management of Sicike-cike Natural Park (BBKSDA) enhance supporting infrastructure and essential components for camping tour packaging. Furthermore, it is suggested that promotional efforts be strengthened through websites and social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, Facebook, and others, and that partnerships with travel agencies be established to increase tourist arrivals. This study contributes to the growing body of geotourism literature by providing a practical framework for developing sustainable camping tour packages in protected natural areas.