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Abstract
Ternate City, located in North Maluku Province, has a high population growth rate and ongoing residential land development. The diverse topography and slope of Ternate City is certainly one of the important factors that must be involved in this research. This study aims to determine the development of built-up land in 2019 and 2024 in Ternate City based on its slope level. This research uses land use data obtained from Planetscope satellite image interpretation and slope data obtained from Digital Elevation Model analysis. This research uses overlay analysis to determine the distribution and development of built-up land in 2019 and 2023 based on the level of slope. The results showed that slope >45% has the largest area of 29.66% or 3,013.36 ha in Ternate City. In 2019, built-up land in Ternate City had an area of 1,551.14 ha and experienced an increase in area in 2024 of 2,010.78 ha. The results showed that in 2019, 640.08 ha of built-up land was on 0-8% slope, 638.08 ha on 8-15% slope, 218.25 ha on 15-25% slope, 39.91 ha on 25-40% slope, and 6.49 ha of built-up land on >45% slope. In 2024, 693.61 ha of developed land is on 0-8% slope, 826.34 ha on 8-15% slope, 395.16 ha on 15-25% slope, 75.65 ha on 25-40% slope, and 9.39 ha of developed land is on >45% slope. These results show that the growth of built-up land is strongly influenced by the level of slope, with areas with slopes >45% increasing, albeit by a smaller proportion. This conclusion emphasizes the need for special attention in spatial planning to manage settlement expansion in a sustainable manner, especially in areas with high slopes that are vulnerable to landslide and eruption risks of Mount Gamalama. Therefore, a practical recommendation for policy makers is to develop land use regulations that consider slope stability and environmental risks, to ensure safer and more sustainable urban growth.