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Abstract
The rapid development of Borobudur as a major tourist destination has resulted in significant changes to the cultural landscape and infrastructure, posing challenges to the preservation of its vernacular architecture. This study explores the significance and challenges of Borobudur's vernacular houses, which reflect the region's cultural heritage and sustainable design principles. Data was collected through literature reviews, field observations of 14 traditional houses in five villages, and interviews with homeowners and artisans. The findings highlight three main challenges: material selection, where natural resources such as bamboo and jackfruit wood are becoming increasingly scarce due to over-exploitation and land-use change; traditional spatial arrangements, which are becoming less relevant as younger generations migrate and abandon traditional livelihoods; and declining pride in traditional houses, exacerbated by perceptions of inadequacy and policies promoting modern housing. Despite these challenges, Borobudur's vernacular houses play a vital role in maintaining the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the Borobudur temple complex by preserving cultural identity and sustainable practices. Recommendations include raising awareness through educational programmes and campaigns, reviving traditional craftsmanship and sustainable material sourcing, promoting community and government support through subsidies and policies, and integrating vernacular architecture into sustainable tourism initiatives. These measures aim to reconcile tradition with modern needs and ensure the preservation and adaptive reuse of Borobudur's vernacular architecture. By comprehensively addressing these challenges, this study underscores the need to protect Borobudur's cultural heritage while promoting sustainable development and enhancing its resilience in a rapidly modernising world.